Automatically confirming a command in Linux #

yes | ./script

In crontab you can do something like:

@monthly yes | ./script

OpenSSL #

Generating self-signed SSL certificates to be used in Nginx #

The same command works on macOS X.

openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 36500 -newkey rsa:2048 \
 -keyout private-selfsigned.key -out public-selfsigned.crt

Discovering the sha256 of a file using openssl: #

openssl sha256 OperaSetup.zip

GPG (GNU Privacy Guard) #

Generate a gpg key pair #

gpg --full-generate-key

List private and public keys #

gpg --list-secret-keys
gpg --list-keys

Export GPG keys #

gpg --output private-key.pgp --armor --export-secret-key  6D934E6918FF79E0EE82CA93BF6F8ADD7DDC0A44D
gpg --output public-key.pgp --armor --export  6349BE6918FF79E0EE82CA93BF6F8ADD7DDC0A44D

Or, export a key base64, and copy it to the clipboard:

gpg --export-secret-key 6D9BE6918FF79E0EE82CA93BF6F8A234DDC0A44D  > mykey.txt; cat otrust.txt | pbcopy; rm mykey.txt

Delete private and public keys #

gpg --delete-secret-key "User Name"
gpg --delete-key "User Name"

Finding things in Linux #

The locate command #

This command will go through your entire filesystem and locate every occurrence of that keyword.

locate keyword

the locate uses a database that is usually updated once a day. If you don’t find your file you can update the database manually and try again.

 updatedb
 locate keyword

The which command #

The which command locates an a binary in your PATH. If it doesn’t find the binary in the current PATH, it returns nothing.

which java

The find command #

You can search in any designated directory and use a variety of parameters.

find directory options expression

find / -type f -name test.txt

It also accept wildcards

find /home -type f -name "test.*"

Find it by name and file size less than 5 kb

find . -type f  -size -5k  -name "*.txt"

• * matches multiple characters *at would match: cat, hat, what, and bat.
• ? matches a single character ?at would match cat, hat, bat but not what.
• [] matches character that appear inside the square brackets [c,b] would match cat and bat

Find content inside files using grep #

 cat mylogs.log | grep --line-buffered 'content I want'

In case you don’t have the --line-buffered option:

 cat mylogs.log | stdbuf -oL grep 'content I want'

Configuring the Linux swap #

sudo fallocate -l 4G /swapfile1
sudo chmod 600 /swapfile1
sudo mkswap /swapfile1

#Only if you want to make the swap persist after a reboot
sudo echo "/swapfile1   none    swap    sw    0   0" >>  /etc/fstab
sudo echo "vm.swappiness=10" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
sudo echo "vm.vfs_cache_pressure=50" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

# turn on the swap
sudo swapon /swapfile1

# optional, check if it's working
htop

To count the number of files in a linux folder #

find . -type f | wc -l

Execute a command in loop in shell/bash on Linux #

for i in {1..10}; do
	echo "Hello Friend"
done

SSH #

Authorizing a public key to connect into your server using ssh #

Just add the public key in .ssh/authorized_keys and refresh the ssh settings:

sudo echo "my long key content.." >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

service sshd reload

Or use the command ssh-copy-id from the client.